Correlates of substance use during adolescent pregnancy in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cocaine and marijuana use during adolescent pregnancy in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, with psychiatric disorders, social status and sexual history. METHOD: One thousand pregnant adolescents were assessed by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and sociodemographic and socio-economic questionnaire at the obstetric center of a public hospital in São Paulo. Hair samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS: The following data were associated with cocaine and/or marijuana use during the third trimester of the pregnancy: being younger than 14 years of age, having a history of more than 3 sexual partners, and having psychiatric disorders, specifically, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. CONCLUSION: In early adolescence pregnancy, having 3 or more sexual partners in life for this population is significantly associated with the use of cocaine or marijuana during gestation. This association suggests that specific intervention programs should target these young women.

Correlates of substance use during adolescent pregnancy in São Paulo, Brazil / Correlatos do uso de substâncias durante a gravidez na adolescência em São Paulo, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cocaine and marijuana use during adolescent pregnancy in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, with psychiatric disorders, social status and sexual history. METHOD: One thousand pregnant adolescents were assessed by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and sociodemographic and socio-economic questionnaire at the obstetric center of a public hospital in São Paulo. Hair samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS: The following data were associated with cocaine and/or marijuana use during the third trimester of the pregnancy: being younger than 14 years of age, having a history of more than 3 sexual partners, and having psychiatric disorders, specifically, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. CONCLUSION: In early adolescence pregnancy, having 3 or more sexual partners in life for this population is significantly associated with the use of cocaine or marijuana during gestation. This association suggests that specific intervention programs should target these young women.

OBJETIVO: Investigar, numa população de gestantes adolescentes de uma maternidade pública de São Paulo-SP, Brasil, a associação entre o consumo de cocaína e maconha durante a gravidez com distúrbios psiquiátricos, status social e história sexual. MÉTODO: Mil adolescentes grávidas foram avaliadas por meio do Composite International Diagnostic Interview e de um questionário sociodemográfico e socioeconômico no centro obstétrico de um hospital público de São Paulo. Destas, foi colhida amostra para análise de fios de cabelo. RESULTADOS: Os seguintes dados foram associados com o uso de cocaína e/ou maconha durante o terceiro trimestre de gravidez: ter menos de 14 anos, ter história de mais do que três parceiros sexuais e ter transtornos psiquiátricos, em especial, transtorno afetivo bipolar, transtorno do estresse pós-traumático e transtorno somatoforme. CONCLUSÃO: Na população de adolescentes grávidas avaliada, ter menos de 14 anos e ter três ou mais parceiros sexuais na vida está significativamente associado ao uso de maconha ou cocaína durante a gestação. Esta associação sugere que programas de intervenção específicos devem ser dirigidos a essas jovens.

Underreporting of use of cocaine and marijuana during the third trimester of gestation among pregnant adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to check the validity of the self-report of drug use by pregnant adolescents, by comparing their responses to a structured interview about their use of cocaine and marijuana during the pregnancy with an analysis of their hair. RESULTS: Hair analysis detected the use of cocaine and/or marijuana in the third trimester of pregnancy in 60 (6%) patients. 40 (4%) patients used only marijuana, 17 (1.7%) used only cocaine, and 3 (0.3%) used both drugs. None of the patients had reported the use of these substances in their interviews with healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of the use of drugs during pregnancy is significant despite consistent evidence about the compromise of the neurobehavioral development of the newborns that are exposed to drugs during the prenatal period, drug use is frequently not reported. Therefore, more sensitive methods of detection should be used so that appropriate medical and psychosocial interventions can be implemented for the mothers as well as for their children.

Síndrome de Dependência do Alcool: critérios diagnósticos / Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: diagnostic criteria

A Síndrome de Dependência do Alcool (SDA) é um grave problema de saúde pública. Embora seja bem estudada e seu quadro clínico seja bem estabelecido, muitas vezes a SDA passa despercebida mesmo em avaliacões psiquiátricas. Este trabalho apresenta um breve relato das relacões que a sociedade e o homem mantêm com as bebidas alcoólicas, enfatizando o desenvolvimento do conceito de alcoolismo na medicina, até atingir a definicão de SDA, tal como é descrita hoje pela CID-10 e DSM-IV. Procura mostrar como existem diversas formas de uso do álcool, que implicam em distintos níveis de risco e de gravidade no seu consumo e que evoluem como um continuum. Tais diferencas são frisadas no cotejamento entre os conceitos de uso nocivo e de dependência do álcool, que se revestem de muita importância na clínica, tanto na prevencão quanto no tratamento desse transtorno, que devem ser do conhecimento de todo psiquiatra.

[Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: diagnostic criteria]. / Síndrome de Dependência do Alcool: critérios diagnósticos.

The Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is a serious problem of public health. In spite of being deeply studied and having well-established diagnostic criteria, many times clinicians and even psychiatrists do not notice this disorder. The aim of this paper is to make a brief exposition on how men and society have developed their relationship with alcohol, emphasizing the development of the concept of alcoholism in medicine until the definition of ADS in ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The article explains the different ways of alcohol consume and how it influences different levels of risk and severity of its consequences, that evolves as a continuum. At last, it makes a comparison between ADS and alcohol harmful use, very important in the prevention and treatment of such disorders.